Modelling and simulation of corrosion in reinforced concrete

Recently, polymeric composite materials are brought into greater use in theindustries of aircraft, automobiles and especially solar vehicles. Polymericcomposite materials have replaced metals in many fields because of theirlightweight, high strength, high stiffness, good damage tolerance and extremecorrosion resistance. Joining by mechanical fasteners is common practice in theassembly of structural components. Since the failure of the joints can lead tocatastrophic failure of the structures, an accurate design methodology isessential for the optimal design of the joints. As a result of the complicatedstress field near the hole area and the complex failure modes of compositematerials, the mechanical joining of structures made of polymeric compositematerials demands much more rigorous design knowledge and techniques thanthose currently available to the traditional methodology for metallic joints. Themain objective of the present work is to investigate the effect of width distance(W ID), edge distance (E/D) and the inner diameter of washer on the mechanicalbehavior and mode of failure of bolted joints in glass fiber reinforced epoxy(GFRP) composite laminates. •The angle-ply [O/±45/90] s GFRP composite laminates with 4±O.1 mm thicknesswere manufactured using hand lay-up technique. The mechanical properties,such as tensile, compressive, in-plane shear, and flexural strength weredetermined experimentally according to ASTM or JIS using a universal testingmachine. The tension test was carried out according to ASTM D3039/D3039M-00, the compression test was carried out according to Boeing modified ASTMD695, the in-plane shear test was carried out according to ASTM D5379, while,the bending test was carried out according to JIS K7055. The bolted joint testsof angle ply [O/±45/90]s GFRP composite were carried out according to ASTM