Seepage and slope stability of large canals

the Seepage losses from open channels constitute one of the major problems facing Ministry of Water Resources and Irrigation. Ismailia canal is one example of such seepage problem. The canal was enlarged to provide irrigation water for meeting the present and future waterdemands. The Ministry of Water Resources and Irrigation conducted an experiment for lining of the canal cross section along one kilometer (km75-km76) from the reach of maximum seepage loss. Geomembrane sheet was used as a lining material which was fixed over the side slope and bed width under canal operation condition. The experiment was evaluated in order to continue canal lining using the same material or to find the best solution for seepage control methods. Three numerical models were employed here (SEEPIW), to estimate seepage flow at different sections, study different possible methods for seepage control and to evaluate their practicality and economically to determine the most seasonable method. Also, (SIGMAIW), to check the bank deformation and (SLOPEIW) and, to estimate the factor of safety for bank stability for suggested methods.