Stress analyses of frames with web openings

In modern building construction, ducts and pipes for air conditioning,eating, saniteration and other electrical and services are accommodated in the space above the false ceiling. When such services are passed through openings inframes and beams, significant amount are eliminated as dead space and results in a more compact and economical design Either beam or frame conta in ing openi ngs must, however bechecked for there strength or the region near the openingsbe adequately reinforced to eliminate the weakness. Most ofprevious investigations are studied the behaviour of beams.So, it is believed that there is a need for u~erstanding of the effect of such openings structural behavior of frames.a better on theThe aim of the research is to investigate the effect ofsquare web openings in the portal frame, on their internalstresses and forces when subjected to two concentratedstatic load at the elastic stage. The span to depth (D/L)ratio and the changing of opening locations along the span(KID) are the major var iables.The finite element method is used to analyse thebehaviour of frames with openings, which may lead to somedesign guides for the calculation of stresses and bendingmoments of such frames. Compared with that 0 f a so lidreference one. Also the two dimensional photoelastici ty