In this thesis the elasto-plastic, laminated, planestress finite element model for composite materialssuggested b~ Mahmoud et al. is used to anal~se the behaviorof triangular laminated plate with apex angle and skewlaminated plate. The development follows the idea of theclassical elastic laminated plate theor~, but incorporatesplastic behavior through the Prandtl-Reuss relationstogether with the Uon-Mises ~ield criteria. The modelpattern the theor~ after the classical elastic laminatedplate theor~ for composite s~stems, but extend it to includeplastic anal~sis. The anal~sis is incremental, hence themathematical model be~ond the linear elastic limit is basedupon the constitutive relations for each la~er which ispiecewise linearover eachincrement ofload.Thetheor£tical formulation of the model as well as a completealgorithm are given. First the correctness of the elementand the numerical code is insured b~ comparison with othernumerical results for single elastic la~er problem. The8- The knowledge employed in the proposed system is written in a manner that facilitates its modification and update.9- Due to the fact that the system is locally developed in Water Engineering and Water Structures Department, Faculty of Engineering, Zagazig University, the system can be easily customized to meet the requirements of other department courses.6.3 Recommendations:Based on the previous conclusions and investigations of the proposed software, the following recommendations may be indicated:1- ZUHL needs much more effective measures to overcome its bad conditions that threaten the whole experimental work activities. These measures should be available as soon as possible and with enough financial and administrative support.2- The proposed system, EHES, should be continuously extended to include more experiments, as it doesn’t include all experiments that can be conducted in the laboratory.3- The proposed system is to be periodically updated to match the new experiments and techniques that are expected to be existed in ZUHL.4- A video display of experiment is recommended to be added to the proposed system to reach better understanding of the experimental procedures.5- The proposed system can be employed to serve other department courses such as Hydrology, Irrigation and Drainage and Water Structures Design courses.6- Integrating this system with the ongoing e-learning project in the department will expand its usefulness.7- The proposed system with the e-learning one is believed to be a good tool to be used by professors and lectures for testing the students, especially with enormous number of students currently enrolled in civil engineering courses.CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS6.1 General:Due to the current state of most Egyptian colleges and institutes with large student number makes it difficult for students to perform the experimental exercises as intended in engineering education process. This led to defects in their understanding to the theoretical concepts.A new method of experimental teaching is proposed to improve the students’ performance. The expert system technology was employed to develop a computer programs capable of reducing the required time in laboratory and be adequate for the actual level of students.6.2 Conclusions:Based on the current study of the ZUHL situation, the following conclusions can be stated:1- ZUHL suffers from serious technical, administrative and financial problems that greatly affect its performance on both undergraduate and postgraduate levels.2- The current state of the ZUHL and other circumstances of educational process, computer is to be employed as a tool to enhance the educational process and students outcomes.3- An educational expert system, EHES, was developed (using VB 6.0), and proposed to help the students to learn the basic experiments in the field of fluid mechanics and hydraulics.4- The EHES system is an interactive software with a user-friendly interface and a set of options that makes it an effective educational tool.5- The proposed system reduces the required time in the laboratory as it gives the basic knowledge about the experiment and the time spent by the students will be only to perform the experiments himself.6- The scientific material in the proposed system is displayed in a text format, which can be easily copied to any other document.7- The proposed system can be used to evaluate the student understanding through a variety of tests.8- The knowledge employed in the proposed system is written in a manner that facilitates its modification and update.9- Due to the fact that the system is locally developed in Water Engineering and Water Structures Department, Faculty of Engineering, Zagazig University, the system can be easily customized to meet the requirements of other department courses.6.3 Recommendations:Based on the previous conclusions and investigations of the proposed software, the following recommendations may be indicated:1- ZUHL needs much more effective measures to overcome its bad conditions that threaten the whole experimental work activities. These measures should be available as soon as possible and with enough financial and administrative support.2- The proposed system, EHES, should be continuously extended to include more experiments, as it doesn’t include all experiments that can be conducted in the laboratory.3- The proposed system is to be periodically updated to match the new experiments and techniques that are expected to be existed in ZUHL.4- A video display of experiment is recommended to be added to the proposed system to reach better understanding of the experimental procedures.5- The proposed system can be employed to serve other department courses such as Hydrology, Irrigation and Drainage and Water Structures Design courses.6- Integrating this system with the ongoing e-learning project in the department will expand its usefulness.7- The proposed system with the e-learning one is believed to be a good tool to be used by professors and lectures for testing the students, especially with enormous number of students currently enrolled in civil engineering courses.CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS6.1 General:Due to the current state of most Egyptian colleges and institutes with large student number makes it difficult for students to perform the experimental exercises as intended in engineering education process. This led to defects in their understanding to the theoretical concepts.A new method of experimental teaching is proposed to improve the students’ performance. The expert system technology was employed to develop a computer programs capable of reducing the required time in laboratory and be adequate for the actual level of students.6.2 Conclusions:Based on the current study of the ZUHL situation, the following conclusions can be stated:1- ZUHL suffers from serious technical, administrative and financial problems that greatly affect its performance on both undergraduate and postgraduate levels.2- The current state of the ZUHL and other circumstances of educational process, computer is to be employed as a tool to enhance the educational process and students outcomes.3- An educational expert system, EHES, was developed (using VB 6.0), and proposed to help the students to learn the basic experiments in the field of fluid mechanics and hydraulics.4- The EHES system is an interactive software with a user-friendly interface and a set of options that makes it an effective educational tool.5- The proposed system reduces the required time in the laboratory as it gives the basic knowledge about the experiment and the time spent by the students will be only to perform the experiments himself.6- The scientific material in the proposed system is displayed in a text format, which can be easily copied to any other document.7- The proposed system can be used to evaluate the student understanding through a variety of tests.8- The knowledge employed in the proposed system is written in a manner that facilitates its modification and update.9- Due to the fact that the system is locally developed in Water Engineering and Water Structures Department, Faculty of Engineering, Zagazig University, the system can be easily customized to meet the requirements of other department courses.6.3 Recommendations:Based on the previous conclusions and investigations of the proposed software, the following recommendations may be indicated:1- ZUHL needs much more effective measures to overcome its bad conditions that threaten the whole experimental work activities. These measures should be available as soon as possible and with enough financial and administrative support.2- The proposed system, EHES, should be continuously extended to include more experiments, as it doesn’t include all experiments that can be conducted in the laboratory.3- The proposed system is to be periodically updated to match the new experiments and techniques that are expected to be existed in ZUHL.4- A video display of experiment is recommended to be added to the proposed system to reach better understanding of the experimental procedures.5- The proposed system can be employed to serve other department courses such as Hydrology, Irrigation and Drainage and Water Structures Design courses.6- Integrating this system with the ongoing e-learning project in the department will expand its usefulness.7- The proposed system with the e-learning one is believed to be a good tool to be used by professors and lectures for testing the students, especially with enormous number of students currently enrolled in civil engineering courses.CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS6.1 General:Due to the current state of most Egyptian colleges and institutes with large student number makes it difficult for students to perform the experimental exercises as intended in engineering education process. This led to defects in their understanding to the theoretical concepts.A new method of experimental teaching is proposed to improve the students’ performance. The expert system technology was employed to develop a computer programs capable of reducing the required time in laboratory and be adequate for the actual level of students.6.2 Conclusions:Based on the current study of the ZUHL situation, the following conclusions can be stated:1- ZUHL suffers from serious technical, administrative and financial problems that greatly affect its performance on both undergraduate and postgraduate levels.2- The current state of the ZUHL and other circumstances of educational process, computer is to be employed as a tool to enhance the educational process and students outcomes.3- An educational expert system, EHES, was developed (using VB 6.0), and proposed to help the students to learn the basic experiments in the field of fluid mechanics and hydraulics.4- The EHES system is an interactive software with a user-friendly interface and a set of options that makes it an effective educational tool.5- The proposed system reduces the required time in the laboratory as it gives the basic knowledge about the experiment and the time spent by the students will be only to perform the experiments himself.6- The scientific material in the proposed system is displayed in a text format, which can be easily copied to any other document.7- The proposed system can be used to evaluate the student understanding through a variety of tests.8- The knowledge employed in the proposed system is written in a manner that facilitates its modification and update.9- Due to the fact that the system is locally developed in Water Engineering and Water Structures Department, Faculty of Engineering, Zagazig University, the system can be easily customized to meet the requirements of other department courses.6.3 Recommendations:Based on the previous conclusions and investigations of the proposed software, the following recommendations may be indicated:1- ZUHL needs much more effective measures to overcome its bad conditions that threaten the whole experimental work activities. These measures should be available as soon as possible and with enough financial and administrative support.2- The proposed system, EHES, should be continuously extended to include more experiments, as it doesn’t include all experiments that can be conducted in the laboratory.3- The proposed system is to be periodically updated to match the new experiments and techniques that are expected to be existed in ZUHL.4- A video display of experiment is recommended to be added to the proposed system to reach better understanding of the experimental procedures.5- The proposed system can be employed to serve other department courses such as Hydrology, Irrigation and Drainage and Water Structures Design courses.6- Integrating this system with the ongoing e-learning project in the department will expand its usefulness.7- The proposed system with the e-learning one is believed to be a good tool to be used by professors and lectures for testing the students, especially with enormous number of students currently enrolled in civil engineering courses.CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS6.1 General:Due to the current state of most Egyptian colleges and institutes with large student number makes it difficult for students to perform the experimental exercises as intended in engineering education process. This led to defects in their understanding to the theoretical concepts.A new method of experimental teaching is proposed to improve the students’ performance. The expert system technology was employed to develop a computer programs capable of reducing the required time in laboratory and be adequate for the actual level of students.6.2 Conclusions:Based on the current study of the ZUHL situation, the following conclusions can be stated:1- ZUHL suffers from serious technical, administrative and financial problems that greatly affect its performance on both undergraduate and postgraduate levels.2- The current state of the ZUHL and other circumstances of educational process, computer is to be employed as a tool to enhance the educational process and students outcomes.3- An educational expert system, EHES, was developed (using VB 6.0), and proposed to help the students to learn the basic experiments in the field of fluid mechanics and hydraulics.4- The EHES system is an interactive software with a user-friendly interface and a set of options that makes it an effective educational tool.5- The proposed system reduces the required time in the laboratory as it gives the basic knowledge about the experiment and the time spent by the students will be only to perform the experiments himself.6- The scientific material in the proposed system is displayed in a text format, which can be easily copied to any other document.7- The proposed system can be used to evaluate the student understanding through a variety of tests.8- The knowledge employed in the proposed system is written in a manner that facilitates its modification and update.9- Due to the fact that the system is locally developed in Water Engineering and Water Structures Department, Faculty of Engineering, Zagazig University, the system can be easily customized to meet the requirements of other department courses.6.3 Recommendations:Based on the previous conclusions and investigations of the proposed software, the following recommendations may be indicated:1- ZUHL needs much more effective measures to overcome its bad conditions that threaten the whole experimental work activities. These measures should be available as soon as possible and with enough financial and administrative support.2- The proposed system, EHES, should be continuously extended to include more experiments, as it doesn’t include all experiments that can be conducted in the laboratory.3- The proposed system is to be periodically updated to match the new experiments and techniques that are expected to be existed in ZUHL.4- A video display of experiment is recommended to be added to the proposed system to reach better understanding of the experimental procedures.5- The proposed system can be employed to serve other department courses such as Hydrology, Irrigation and Drainage and Water Structures Design courses.6- Integrating this system with the ongoing e-learning project in the department will expand its usefulness.7- The proposed system with the e-learning one is believed to be a good tool to be used by professors and lectures for testing the students, especially with enormous number of students currently enrolled in civil engineering courses.CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS6.1 General:Due to the current state of most Egyptian colleges and institutes with large student number makes it difficult for students to perform the experimental exercises as intended in engineering education process. This led to defects in their understanding to the theoretical concepts.A new method of experimental teaching is proposed to improve the students’ performance. The expert system technology was employed to develop a computer programs capable of reducing the required time in laboratory and be adequate for the actual level of students.6.2 Conclusions:Based on the current study of the ZUHL situation, the following conclusions can be stated:1- ZUHL suffers from serious technical, administrative and financial problems that greatly affect its performance on both undergraduate and postgraduate levels.2- The current state of the ZUHL and other circumstances of educational process, computer is to be employed as a tool to enhance the educational process and students outcomes.3- An educational expert system, EHES, was developed (using VB 6.0), and proposed to help the students to learn the basic experiments in the field of fluid mechanics and hydraulics.4- The EHES system is an interactive software with a user-friendly interface and a set of options that makes it an effective educational tool.5- The proposed system reduces the required time in the laboratory as it gives the basic knowledge about the experiment and the time spent by the students will be only to perform the experiments himself.6- The scientific material in the proposed system is displayed in a text format, which can be easily copied to any other document.7- The proposed system can be used to evaluate the student understanding through a variety of tests.8- The knowledge employed in the proposed system is written in a manner that facilitates its modification and update.9- Due to the fact that the system is locally developed in Water Engineering and Water Structures Department, Faculty of Engineering, Zagazig University, the system can be easily customized to meet the requirements of other department courses.6.3 Recommendations:Based on the previous conclusions and investigations of the proposed software, the following recommendations may be indicated:1- ZUHL needs much more effective measures to overcome its bad conditions that threaten the whole experimental work activities. These measures should be available as soon as possible and with enough financial and administrative support.2- The proposed system, EHES, should be continuously extended to include more experiments, as it doesn’t include all experiments that can be conducted in the laboratory.3- The proposed system is to be periodically updated to match the new experiments and techniques that are expected to be existed in ZUHL.4- A video display of experiment is recommended to be added to the proposed system to reach better understanding of the experimental procedures.5- The proposed system can be employed to serve other department courses such as Hydrology, Irrigation and Drainage and Water Structures Design courses.6- Integrating this system with the ongoing e-learning project in the department will expand its usefulness.7- The proposed system with the e-learning one is believed to be a good tool to be used by professors and lectures for testing the students, especially with enormous number of students currently enrolled in civil engineering courses.CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS6.1 General:Due to the current state of most Egyptian colleges and institutes with large student number makes it difficult for students to perform the experimental exercises as intended in engineering education process. This led to defects in their understanding to the theoretical concepts.A new method of experimental teaching is proposed to improve the students’ performance. The expert system technology was employed to develop a computer programs capable of reducing the required time in laboratory and be adequate for the actual level of students.6.2 Conclusions:Based on the current study of the ZUHL situation, the following conclusions can be stated:1- ZUHL suffers from serious technical, administrative and financial problems that greatly affect its performance on both undergraduate and postgraduate levels.2- The current state of the ZUHL and other circumstances of educational process, computer is to be employed as a tool to enhance the educational process and students outcomes.3- An educational expert system, EHES, was developed (using VB 6.0), and proposed to help the students to learn the basic experiments in the field of fluid mechanics and hydraulics.4- The EHES system is an interactive software with a user-friendly interface and a set of options that makes it an effective educational tool.5- The proposed system reduces the required time in the laboratory as it gives the basic knowledge about the experiment and the time spent by the students will be only to perform the experiments himself.6- The scientific material in the proposed system is displayed in a text format, which can be easily copied to any other document.7- The proposed system can be used to evaluate the student understanding through a variety of tests.8- The knowledge employed in the proposed system is written in a manner that facilitates its modification and update.9- Due to the fact that the system is locally developed in Water Engineering and Water Structures Department, Faculty of Engineering, Zagazig University, the system can be easily customized to meet the requirements of other department courses.6.3 Recommendations:Based on the previous conclusions and investigations of the proposed software, the following recommendations may be indicated:1- ZUHL needs much more effective measures to overcome its bad conditions that threaten the whole experimental work activities. These measures should be available as soon as possible and with enough financial and administrative support.2- The proposed system, EHES, should be continuously extended to include more experiments, as it doesn’t include all experiments that can be conducted in the laboratory.3- The proposed system is to be periodically updated to match the new experiments and techniques that are expected to be existed in ZUHL.4- A video display of experiment is recommended to be added to the proposed system to reach better understanding of the experimental procedures.5- The proposed system can be employed to serve other department courses such as Hydrology, Irrigation and Drainage and Water Structures Design courses.6- Integrating this system with the ongoing e-learning project in the department will expand its usefulness.7- The proposed system with the e-learning one is believed to be a good tool to be used by professors and lectures for testing the students, especially with enormous number of students currently enrolled in civil engineering courses.CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS6.1 General:Due to the current state of most Egyptian colleges and institutes with large student number makes it difficult for students to perform the experimental exercises as intended in engineering education process. This led to defects in their understanding to the theoretical concepts.A new method of experimental teaching is proposed to improve the students’ performance. The expert system technology was employed to develop a computer programs capable of reducing the required time in laboratory and be adequate for the actual level of students.6.2 Conclusions:Based on the current study of the ZUHL situation, the following conclusions can be stated:1- ZUHL suffers from serious technical, administrative and financial problems that greatly affect its performance on both undergraduate and postgraduate levels.2- The current state of the ZUHL and other circumstances of educational process, computer is to be employed as a tool to enhance the educational process and students outcomes.3- An educational expert system, EHES, was developed (using VB 6.0), and proposed to help the students to learn the basic experiments in the field of fluid mechanics and hydraulics.4- The EHES system is an interactive software with a user-friendly interface and a set of options that makes it an effective educational tool.5- The proposed system reduces the required time in the laboratory as it gives the basic knowledge about the experiment and the time spent by the students will be only to perform the experiments himself.6- The scientific material in the proposed system is displayed in a text format, which can be easily copied to any other document.7- The proposed system can be used to evaluate the student understanding through a variety of tests.8- The knowledge employed in the proposed system is written in a manner that facilitates its modification and update.9- Due to the fact that the system is locally developed in Water Engineering and Water Structures Department, Faculty of Engineering, Zagazig University, the system can be easily customized to meet the requirements of other department courses.6.3 Recommendations:Based on the previous conclusions and investigations of the proposed software, the following recommendations may be indicated:1- ZUHL needs much more effective measures to overcome its bad conditions that threaten the whole experimental work activities. These measures should be available as soon as possible and with enough financial and administrative support.2- The proposed system, EHES, should be continuously extended to include more experiments, as it doesn’t include all experiments that can be conducted in the laboratory.3- The proposed system is to be periodically updated to match the new experiments and techniques that are expected to be existed in ZUHL.4- A video display of experiment is recommended to be added to the proposed system to reach better understanding of the experimental procedures.5- The proposed system can be employed to serve other department courses such as Hydrology, Irrigation and Drainage and Water Structures Design courses.6- Integrating this system with the ongoing e-learning project in the department will expand its usefulness.7- The proposed system with the e-learning one is believed to be a good tool to be used by professors and lectures for testing the students, especially with enormous number of students currently enrolled in civil engineering courses.CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS6.1 General:Due to the current state of most Egyptian colleges and institutes with large student number makes it difficult for students to perform the experimental exercises as intended in engineering education process. This led to defects in their understanding to the theoretical concepts.A new method of experimental teaching is proposed to improve the students’ performance. The expert system technology was employed to develop a computer programs capable of reducing the required time in laboratory and be adequate for the actual level of students.6.2 Conclusions:Based on the current study of the ZUHL situation, the following conclusions can be stated:1- ZUHL suffers from serious technical, administrative and financial problems that greatly affect its performance on both undergraduate and postgraduate levels.2- The current state of the ZUHL and other circumstances of educational process, computer is to be employed as a tool to enhance the educational process and students outcomes.3- An educational expert system, EHES, was developed (using VB 6.0), and proposed to help the students to learn the basic experiments in the field of fluid mechanics and hydraulics.4- The EHES system is an interactive software with a user-friendly interface and a set of options that makes it an effective educational tool.5- The proposed system reduces the required time in the laboratory as it gives the basic knowledge about the experiment and the time spent by the students will be only to perform the experiments himself.6- The scientific material in the proposed system is displayed in a text format, which can be easily copied to any other document.7- The proposed system can be used to evaluate the student understanding through a variety of tests.8- The knowledge employed in the proposed system is written in a manner that facilitates its modification and update.9- Due to the fact that the system is locally developed in Water Engineering and Water Structures Department, Faculty of Engineering, Zagazig University, the system can be easily customized to meet the requirements of other department courses.6.3 Recommendations:Based on the previous conclusions and investigations of the proposed software, the following recommendations may be indicated:1- ZUHL needs much more effective measures to overcome its bad conditions that threaten the whole experimental work activities. These measures should be available as soon as possible and with enough financial and administrative support.2- The proposed system, EHES, should be continuously extended to include more experiments, as it doesn’t include all experiments that can be conducted in the laboratory.3- The proposed system is to be periodically updated to match the new experiments and techniques that are expected to be existed in ZUHL.4- A video display of experiment is recommended to be added to the proposed system to reach better understanding of the experimental procedures.5- The proposed system can be employed to serve other department courses such as Hydrology, Irrigation and Drainage and Water Structures Design courses.6- Integrating this system with the ongoing e-learning project in the department will expand its usefulness.7- The proposed system with the e-learning one is believed to be a good tool to be used by professors and lectures for testing the students, especially with enormous number of students currently enrolled in civil engineering courses.CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS6.1 General:Due to the current state of most Egyptian colleges and institutes with large student number makes it difficult for students to perform the experimental exercises as intended in engineering education process. This led to defects in their understanding to the theoretical concepts.A new method of experimental teaching is proposed to improve the students’ performance. The expert system technology was employed to develop a computer programs capable of reducing the required time in laboratory and be adequate for the actual level of students.6.2 Conclusions:Based on the current study of the ZUHL situation, the following conclusions can be stated:1- ZUHL suffers from serious technical, administrative and financial problems that greatly affect its performance on both undergraduate and postgraduate levels.2- The current state of the ZUHL and other circumstances of educational process, computer is to be employed as a tool to enhance the educational process and students outcomes.3- An educational expert system, EHES, was developed (using VB 6.0), and proposed to help the students to learn the basic experiments in the field of fluid mechanics and hydraulics.4- The EHES system is an interactive software with a user-friendly interface and a set of options that makes it an effective educational tool.5- The proposed system reduces the required time in the laboratory as it gives the basic knowledge about the experiment and the time spent by the students will be only to perform the experiments himself.6- The scientific material in the proposed system is displayed in a text format, which can be easily copied to any other document.7- The proposed system can be used to evaluate the student understanding through a variety of tests.8- The knowledge employed in the proposed system is written in a manner that facilitates its modification and update.9- Due to the fact that the system is locally developed in Water Engineering and Water Structures Department, Faculty of Engineering, Zagazig University, the system can be easily customized to meet the requirements of other department courses.6.3 Recommendations:Based on the previous conclusions and investigations of the proposed software, the following recommendations may be indicated:1- ZUHL needs much more effective measures to overcome its bad conditions that threaten the whole experimental work activities. These measures should be available as soon as possible and with enough financial and administrative support.2- The proposed system, EHES, should be continuously extended to include more experiments, as it doesn’t include all experiments that can be conducted in the laboratory.3- The proposed system is to be periodically updated to match the new experiments and techniques that are expected to be existed in ZUHL.4- A video display of experiment is recommended to be added to the proposed system to reach better understanding of the experimental procedures.5- The proposed system can be employed to serve other department courses such as Hydrology, Irrigation and Drainage and Water Structures Design courses.6- Integrating this system with the ongoing e-learning project in the department will expand its usefulness.7- The proposed system with the e-learning one is believed to be a good tool to be used by professors and lectures for testing the students, especially with enormous number of students currently enrolled in civil engineering courses.CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS6.1 General:Due to the current state of most Egyptian colleges and institutes with large student number makes it difficult for students to perform the experimental exercises as intended in engineering education process. This led to defects in their understanding to the theoretical concepts.A new method of experimental teaching is proposed to improve the students’ performance. The expert system technology was employed to develop a computer programs capable of reducing the required time in laboratory and be adequate for the actual level of students.6.2 Conclusions:Based on the current study of the ZUHL situation, the following conclusions can be stated:1- ZUHL suffers from serious technical, administrative and financial problems that greatly affect its performance on both undergraduate and postgraduate levels.2- The current state of the ZUHL and other circumstances of educational process, computer is to be employed as a tool to enhance the educational process and students outcomes.3- An educational expert system, EHES, was developed (using VB 6.0), and proposed to help the students to learn the basic experiments in the field of fluid mechanics and hydraulics.4- The EHES system is an interactive software with a user-friendly interface and a set of options that makes it an effective educational tool.5- The proposed system reduces the required time in the laboratory as it gives the basic knowledge about the experiment and the time spent by the students will be only to perform the experiments himself.6- The scientific material in the proposed system is displayed in a text format, which can be easily copied to any other document.7- The proposed system can be used to evaluate the student understanding through a variety of tests.8- The knowledge employed in the proposed system is written in a manner that facilitates its modification and update.9- Due to the fact that the system is locally developed in Water Engineering and Water Structures Department, Faculty of Engineering, Zagazig University, the system can be easily customized to meet the requirements of other department courses.6.3 Recommendations:Based on the previous conclusions and investigations of the proposed software, the following recommendations may be indicated:1- ZUHL needs much more effective measures to overcome its bad conditions that threaten the whole experimental work activities. These measures should be available as soon as possible and with enough financial and administrative support.2- The proposed system, EHES, should be continuously extended to include more experiments, as it doesn’t include all experiments that can be conducted in the laboratory.3- The proposed system is to be periodically updated to match the new experiments and techniques that are expected to be existed in ZUHL.4- A video display of experiment is recommended to be added to the proposed system to reach better understanding of the experimental procedures.5- The proposed system can be employed to serve other department courses such as Hydrology, Irrigation and Drainage and Water Structures Design courses.6- Integrating this system with the ongoing e-learning project in the department will expand its usefulness.7- The proposed system with the e-learning one is believed to be a good tool to be used by professors and lectures for testing the students, especially with enormous number of students currently enrolled in civil engineering courses.CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS6.1 General:Due to the current state of most Egyptian colleges and institutes with large student number makes it difficult for students to perform the experimental exercises as intended in engineering education process. This led to defects in their understanding to the theoretical concepts.A new method of experimental teaching is proposed to improve the students’ performance. The expert system technology was employed to develop a computer programs capable of reducing the required time in laboratory and be adequate for the actual level of students.6.2 Conclusions:Based on the current study of the ZUHL situation, the following conclusions can be stated:1- ZUHL suffers from serious technical, administrative and financial problems that greatly affect its performance on both undergraduate and postgraduate levels.2- The current state of the ZUHL and other circumstances of educational process, computer is to be employed as a tool to enhance the educational process and students outcomes.3- An educational expert system, EHES, was developed (using VB 6.0), and proposed to help the students to learn the basic experiments in the field of fluid mechanics and hydraulics.4- The EHES system is an interactive software with a user-friendly interface and a set of options that makes it an effective educational tool.5- The proposed system reduces the required time in the laboratory as it gives the basic knowledge about the experiment and the time spent by the students will be only to perform the experiments himself.6- The scientific material in the proposed system is displayed in a text format, which can be easily copied to any other document.7- The proposed system can be used to evaluate the student understanding through a variety of tests.8- The knowledge employed in the proposed system is written in a manner that facilitates its modification and update.9- Due to the fact that the system is locally developed in Water Engineering and Water Structures Department, Faculty of Engineering, Zagazig University, the system can be easily customized to meet the requirements of other department courses.6.3 Recommendations:Based on the previous conclusions and investigations of the proposed software, the following recommendations may be indicated:1- ZUHL needs much more effective measures to overcome its bad conditions that threaten the whole experimental work activities. These measures should be available as soon as possible and with enough financial and administrative support.2- The proposed system, EHES, should be continuously extended to include more experiments, as it doesn’t include all experiments that can be conducted in the laboratory.3- The proposed system is to be periodically updated to match the new experiments and techniques that are expected to be existed in ZUHL.4- A video display of experiment is recommended to be added to the proposed system to reach better understanding of the experimental procedures.5- The proposed system can be employed to serve other department courses such as Hydrology, Irrigation and Drainage and Water Structures Design courses.6- Integrating this system with the ongoing e-learning project in the department will expand its usefulness.7- The proposed system with the e-learning one is believed to be a good tool to be used by professors and lectures for testing the students, especially with enormous number of students currently enrolled in civil engineering courses.CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS6.1 General:Due to the current state of most Egyptian colleges and institutes with large student number makes it difficult for students to perform the experimental exercises as intended in engineering education process. This led to defects in their understanding to the theoretical concepts.A new method of experimental teaching is proposed to improve the students’ performance. The expert system technology was employed to develop a computer programs capable of reducing the required time in laboratory and be adequate for the actual level of students.6.2 Conclusions:Based on the current study of the ZUHL situation, the following conclusions can be stated:1- ZUHL suffers from serious technical, administrative and financial problems that greatly affect its performance on both undergraduate and postgraduate levels.2- The current state of the ZUHL and other circumstances of educational process, computer is to be employed as a tool to enhance the educational process and students outcomes.3- An educational expert system, EHES, was developed (using VB 6.0), and proposed to help the students to learn the basic experiments in the field of fluid mechanics and hydraulics.4- The EHES system is an interactive software with a user-friendly interface and a set of options that makes it an effective educational tool.5- The proposed system reduces the required time in the laboratory as it gives the basic knowledge about the experiment and the time spent by the students will be only to perform the experiments himself.6- The scientific material in the proposed system is displayed in a text format, which can be easily copied to any other document.7- The proposed system can be used to evaluate the student understanding through a variety of tests.8- The knowledge employed in the proposed system is written in a manner that facilitates its modification and update.9- Due to the fact that the system is locally developed in Water Engineering and Water Structures Department, Faculty of Engineering, Zagazig University, the system can be easily customized to meet the requirements of other department courses.6.3 Recommendations:Based on the previous conclusions and investigations of the proposed software, the following recommendations may be indicated:1- ZUHL needs much more effective measures to overcome its bad conditions that threaten the whole experimental work activities. These measures should be available as soon as possible and with enough financial and administrative support.2- The proposed system, EHES, should be continuously extended to include more experiments, as it doesn’t include all experiments that can be conducted in the laboratory.3- The proposed system is to be periodically updated to match the new experiments and techniques that are expected to be existed in ZUHL.4- A video display of experiment is recommended to be added to the proposed system to reach better understanding of the experimental procedures.5- The proposed system can be employed to serve other department courses such as Hydrology, Irrigation and Drainage and Water Structures Design courses.6- Integrating this system with the ongoing e-learning project in the department will expand its usefulness.7- The proposed system with the e-learning one is believed to be a good tool to be used by professors and lectures for testing the students, especially with enormous number of students currently enrolled in civil engineering courses.CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS6.1 General:Due to the current state of most Egyptian colleges and institutes with large student number makes it difficult for students to perform the experimental exercises as intended in engineering education process. This led to defects in their understanding to the theoretical concepts.A new method of experimental teaching is proposed to improve the students’ performance. The expert system technology was employed to develop a computer programs capable of reducing the required time in laboratory and be adequate for the actual level of students.6.2 Conclusions:Based on the current study of the ZUHL situation, the following conclusions can be stated:1- ZUHL suffers from serious technical, administrative and financial problems that greatly affect its performance on both undergraduate and postgraduate levels.2- The current state of the ZUHL and other circumstances of educational process, computer is to be employed as a tool to enhance the educational process and students outcomes.3- An educational expert system, EHES, was developed (using VB 6.0), and proposed to help the students to learn the basic experiments in the field of fluid mechanics and hydraulics.4- The EHES system is an interactive software with a user-friendly interface and a set of options that makes it an effective educational tool.5- The proposed system reduces the required time in the laboratory as it gives the basic knowledge about the experiment and the time spent by the students will be only to perform the experiments himself.6- The scientific material in the proposed system is displayed in a text format, which can be easily copied to any other document.7- The proposed system can be used to evaluate the student understanding through a variety of tests.8- The knowledge employed in the proposed system is written in a manner that facilitates its modification and update.9- Due to the fact that the system is locally developed in Water Engineering and Water Structures Department, Faculty of Engineering, Zagazig University, the system can be easily customized to meet the requirements of other department courses.6.3 Recommendations:Based on the previous conclusions and investigations of the proposed software, the following recommendations may be indicated:1- ZUHL needs much more effective measures to overcome its bad conditions that threaten the whole experimental work activities. These measures should be available as soon as possible and with enough financial and administrative support.2- The proposed system, EHES, should be continuously extended to include more experiments, as it doesn’t include all experiments that can be conducted in the laboratory.3- The proposed system is to be periodically updated to match the new experiments and techniques that are expected to be existed in ZUHL.4- A video display of experiment is recommended to be added to the proposed system to reach better understanding of the experimental procedures.5- The proposed system can be employed to serve other department courses such as Hydrology, Irrigation and Drainage and Water Structures Design courses.6- Integrating this system with the ongoing e-learning project in the department will expand its usefulness.7- The proposed system with the e-learning one is believed to be a good tool to be used by professors and lectures for testing the students, especially with enormous number of students currently enrolled in civil engineering courses.CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS6.1 General:Due to the current state of most Egyptian colleges and institutes with large student number makes it difficult for students to perform the experimental exercises as intended in engineering education process. This led to defects in their understanding to the theoretical concepts.A new method of experimental teaching is proposed to improve the students’ performance. The expert system technology was employed to develop a computer programs capable of reducing the required time in laboratory and be adequate for the actual level of students.6.2 Conclusions:Based on the current study of the ZUHL situation, the following conclusions can be stated:1- ZUHL suffers from serious technical, administrative and financial problems that greatly affect its performance on both undergraduate and postgraduate levels.2- The current state of the ZUHL and other circumstances of educational process, computer is to be employed as a tool to enhance the educational process and students outcomes.3- An educational expert system, EHES, was developed (using VB 6.0), and proposed to help the students to learn the basic experiments in the field of fluid mechanics and hydraulics.4- The EHES system is an interactive software with a user-friendly interface and a set of options that makes it an effective educational tool.5- The proposed system reduces the required time in the laboratory as it gives the basic knowledge about the experiment and the time spent by the students will be only to perform the experiments himself.6- The scientific material in the proposed system is displayed in a text format, which can be easily copied to any other document.7- The proposed system can be used to evaluate the student understanding through a variety of tests.8- The knowledge employed in the proposed system is written in a manner that facilitates its modification and update.9- Due to the fact that the system is locally developed in Water Engineering and Water Structures Department, Faculty of Engineering, Zagazig University, the system can be easily customized to meet the requirements of other department courses.6.3 Recommendations:Based on the previous conclusions and investigations of the proposed software, the following recommendations may be indicated:1- ZUHL needs much more effective measures to overcome its bad conditions that threaten the whole experimental work activities. These measures should be available as soon as possible and with enough financial and administrative support.2- The proposed system, EHES, should be continuously extended to include more experiments, as it doesn’t include all experiments that can be conducted in the laboratory.3- The proposed system is to be periodically updated to match the new experiments and techniques that are expected to be existed in ZUHL.4- A video display of experiment is recommended to be added to the proposed system to reach better understanding of the experimental procedures.5- The proposed system can be employed to serve other department courses such as Hydrology, Irrigation and Drainage and Water Structures Design courses.6- Integrating this system with the ongoing e-learning project in the department will expand its usefulness.7- The proposed system with the e-learning one is believed to be a good tool to be used by professors and lectures for testing the students, especially with enormous number of students currently enrolled in civil engineering courses.CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS6.1 General:Due to the current state of most Egyptian colleges and institutes with large student number makes it difficult for students to perform the experimental exercises as intended in engineering education process. This led to defects in their understanding to the theoretical concepts.A new method of experimental teaching is proposed to improve the students’ performance. The expert system technology was employed to develop a computer programs capable of reducing the required time in laboratory and be adequate for the actual level of students.6.2 Conclusions:Based on the current study of the ZUHL situation, the following conclusions can be stated:1- ZUHL suffers from serious technical, administrative and financial problems that greatly affect its performance on both undergraduate and postgraduate levels.2- The current state of the ZUHL and other circumstances of educational process, computer is to be employed as a tool to enhance the educational process and students outcomes.3- An educational expert system, EHES, was developed (using VB 6.0), and proposed to help the students to learn the basic experiments in the field of fluid mechanics and hydraulics.4- The EHES system is an interactive software with a user-friendly interface and a set of options that makes it an effective educational tool.5- The proposed system reduces the required time in the laboratory as it gives the basic knowledge about the experiment and the time spent by the students will be only to perform the experiments himself.6- The scientific material in the proposed system is displayed in a text format, which can be easily copied to any other document.7- The proposed system can be used to evaluate the student understanding through a variety of tests.8- The knowledge employed in the proposed system is written in a manner that facilitates its modification and update.9- Due to the fact that the system is locally developed in Water Engineering and Water Structures Department, Faculty of Engineering, Zagazig University, the system can be easily customized to meet the requirements of other department courses.6.3 Recommendations:Based on the previous conclusions and investigations of the proposed software, the following recommendations may be indicated:1- ZUHL needs much more effective measures to overcome its bad conditions that threaten the whole experimental work activities. These measures should be available as soon as possible and with enough financial and administrative support.2- The proposed system, EHES, should be continuously extended to include more experiments, as it doesn’t include all experiments that can be conducted in the laboratory.3- The proposed system is to be periodically updated to match the new experiments and techniques that are expected to be existed in ZUHL.4- A video display of experiment is recommended to be added to the proposed system to reach better understanding of the experimental procedures.5- The proposed system can be employed to serve other department courses such as Hydrology, Irrigation and Drainage and Water Structures Design courses.6- Integrating this system with the ongoing e-learning project in the department will expand its usefulness.7- The proposed system with the e-learning one is believed to be a good tool to be used by professors and lectures for testing the students, especially with enormous number of students currently enrolled in civil engineering courses.CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS6.1 General:Due to the current state of most Egyptian colleges and institutes with large student number makes it difficult for students to perform the experimental exercises as intended in engineering education process. This led to defects in their understanding to the theoretical concepts.A new method of experimental teaching is proposed to improve the students’ performance. The expert system technology was employed to develop a computer programs capable of reducing the required time in laboratory and be adequate for the actual level of students.6.2 Conclusions:Based on the current study of the ZUHL situation, the following conclusions can be stated:1- ZUHL suffers from serious technical, administrative and financial problems that greatly affect its performance on both undergraduate and postgraduate levels.2- The current state of the ZUHL and other circumstances of educational process, computer is to be employed as a tool to enhance the educational process and students outcomes.3- An educational expert system, EHES, was developed (using VB 6.0), and proposed to help the students to learn the basic experiments in the field of fluid mechanics and hydraulics.4- The EHES system is an interactive software with a user-friendly interface and a set of options that makes it an effective educational tool.5- The proposed system reduces the required time in the laboratory as it gives the basic knowledge about the experiment and the time spent by the students will be only to perform the experiments himself.6- The scientific material in the proposed system is displayed in a text format, which can be easily copied to any other document.7- The proposed system can be used to evaluate the student understanding through a variety of tests.8- The knowledge employed in the proposed system is written in a manner that facilitates its modification and update.9- Due to the fact that the system is locally developed in Water Engineering and Water Structures Department, Faculty of Engineering, Zagazig University, the system can be easily customized to meet the requirements of other department courses.6.3 Recommendations:Based on the previous conclusions and investigations of the proposed software, the following recommendations may be indicated:1- ZUHL needs much more effective measures to overcome its bad conditions that threaten the whole experimental work activities. These measures should be available as soon as possible and with enough financial and administrative support.2- The proposed system, EHES, should be continuously extended to include more experiments, as it doesn’t include all experiments that can be conducted in the laboratory.3- The proposed system is to be periodically updated to match the new experiments and techniques that are expected to be existed in ZUHL.4- A video display of experiment is recommended to be added to the proposed system to reach better understanding of the experimental procedures.5- The proposed system can be employed to serve other department courses such as Hydrology, Irrigation and Drainage and Water Structures Design courses.6- Integrating this system with the ongoing e-learning project in the department will expand its usefulness.7- The proposed system with the e-learning one is believed to be a good tool to be used by professors and lectures for testing the students, especially with enormous number of students currently enrolled in civil engineering courses.CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS6.1 General:Due to the current state of most Egyptian colleges and institutes with large student number makes it difficult for students to perform the experimental exercises as intended in engineering education process. This led to defects in their understanding to the theoretical concepts.A new method of experimental teaching is proposed to improve the students’ performance. The expert system technology was employed to develop a computer programs capable of reducing the required time in laboratory and be adequate for the actual level of students.6.2 Conclusions:Based on the current study of the ZUHL situation, the following conclusions can be stated:1- ZUHL suffers from serious technical, administrative and financial problems that greatly affect its performance on both undergraduate and postgraduate levels.2- The current state of the ZUHL and other circumstances of educational process, computer is to be employed as a tool to enhance the educational process and students outcomes.3- An educational expert system, EHES, was developed (using VB 6.0), and proposed to help the students to learn the basic experiments in the field of fluid mechanics and hydraulics.4- The EHES system is an interactive software with a user-friendly interface and a set of options that makes it an effective educational tool.5- The proposed system reduces the required time in the laboratory as it gives the basic knowledge about the experiment and the time spent by the students will be only to perform the experiments himself.6- The scientific material in the proposed system is displayed in a text format, which can be easily copied to any other document.7- The proposed system can be used to evaluate the student understanding through a variety of tests.8- The knowledge employed in the proposed system is written in a manner that facilitates its modification and update.9- Due to the fact that the system is locally developed in Water Engineering and Water Structures Department, Faculty of Engineering, Zagazig University, the system can be easily customized to meet the requirements of other department courses.6.3 Recommendations:Based on the previous conclusions and investigations of the proposed software, the following recommendations may be indicated:1- ZUHL needs much more effective measures to overcome its bad conditions that threaten the whole experimental work activities. These measures should be available as soon as possible and with enough financial and administrative support.2- The proposed system, EHES, should be continuously extended to include more experiments, as it doesn’t include all experiments that can be conducted in the laboratory.3- The proposed system is to be periodically updated to match the new experiments and techniques that are expected to be existed in ZUHL.4- A video display of experiment is recommended to be added to the proposed system to reach better understanding of the experimental procedures.5- The proposed system can be employed to serve other department courses such as Hydrology, Irrigation and Drainage and Water Structures Design courses.6- Integrating this system with the ongoing e-learning project in the department will expand its usefulness.7- The proposed system with the e-learning one is believed to be a good tool to be used by professors and lectures for testing the students, especially with enormous number of students currently enrolled in civil engineering courses.CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS6.1 General:Due to the current state of most Egyptian colleges and institutes with large student number makes it difficult for students to perform the experimental exercises as intended in engineering education process. This led to defects in their understanding to the theoretical concepts.A new method of experimental teaching is proposed to improve the students’ performance. The expert system technology was employed to develop a computer programs capable of reducing the required time in laboratory and be adequate for the actual level of students.6.2 Conclusions:Based on the current study of the ZUHL situation, the following conclusions can be stated:1- ZUHL suffers from serious technical, administrative and financial problems that greatly affect its performance on both undergraduate and postgraduate levels.2- The current state of the ZUHL and other circumstances of educational process, computer is to be employed as a tool to enhance the educational process and students outcomes.3- An educational expert system, EHES, was developed (using VB 6.0), and proposed to help the students to learn the basic experiments in the field of fluid mechanics and hydraulics.4- The EHES system is an interactive software with a user-friendly interface and a set of options that makes it an effective educational tool.5- The proposed system reduces the required time in the laboratory as it gives the basic knowledge about the experiment and the time spent by the students will be only to perform the experiments himself.6- The scientific material in the proposed system is displayed in a text format, which can be easily copied to any other document.7- The proposed system can be used to evaluate the student understanding through a variety of tests.8- The knowledge employed in the proposed system is written in a manner that facilitates its modification and update.9- Due to the fact that the system is locally developed in Water Engineering and Water Structures Department, Faculty of Engineering, Zagazig University, the system can be easily customized to meet the requirements of other department courses.6.3 Recommendations:Based on the previous conclusions and investigations of the proposed software, the following recommendations may be indicated:1- ZUHL needs much more effective measures to overcome its bad conditions that threaten the whole experimental work activities. These measures should be available as soon as possible and with enough financial and administrative support.2- The proposed system, EHES, should be continuously extended to include more experiments, as it doesn’t include all experiments that can be conducted in the laboratory.3- The proposed system is to be periodically updated to match the new experiments and techniques that are expected to be existed in ZUHL.4- A video display of experiment is recommended to be added to the proposed system to reach better understanding of the experimental procedures.5- The proposed system can be employed to serve other department courses such as Hydrology, Irrigation and Drainage and Water Structures Design courses.6- Integrating this system with the ongoing e-learning project in the department will expand its usefulness.7- The proposed system with the e-learning one is believed to be a good tool to be used by professors and lectures for testing the students, especially with enormous number of students currently enrolled in civil engineering courses.