| Abstract: |
5.1 Conclusions The object of the present study is to investigate the removal of Iron and Manganese by using different natural materials,based on the present experimental investigation, the following observations and conclusions can be summarized below:1- Generally,the performed study and the resulted data obtained in this thesis revealed that the four adsorbents examined namely (Hard wood, Baggase pith ,Date stone ,Apricot stone) can be successfully used for the removal of Iron and Manganese cations in a wide range of concentration.2- Batch studies on the adsorption of Iron and Manganese cations from aqueous solution by the four adsorbents had been. The maximum adsorption capacity of Hard wood was found to be 2mg/g for Fe3+ and 1.62mg/g for Mn2+ the maximum adsorption capacity of Baggase pith was found to be 2.5mg/g for Fe3+ and 1.52mg/g for Mn2+the maximum adsorption capacity of Date stone was found to be 1.95mg/g, for Fe3+ and 1.43mg/g for Mn2+, respectitvely. the maximum adsorption capacity of apricot stone was found to be 3.4mg/g for Fe3+ and 1.33mg/g for Mn2+3- Other different factors affecting adsorption process were also studied such as change ofa- Contact time: and it is found that the equilbrium time reached after 30 min.b- pH value: the results showed that for acidic and alkaline media, the percent removal increased.c- Competing of foreign ions (Ca2+, Na+) had been tested,the result show that the existence of both foreign ions decreases the removal uptake.d- Desorption study was evaluated by uSIng distilled water and different concentration ofHCI and EDTA (O.In, 0.5N, IN) for the removal the adsorbed heavy metals again from the surface of the adsorbent samples. The percent of the remval depend on the type and concentration of the desorbent materials.4- The performance of four different adsorbents were investigated and the adsorption affenity was found for Fe3+ in the following order Apricot stone > Baggase pith> Date stone> Hard wood and the adsorption affenity was found for Mn2+ in the following order Hard Wood> Baggase pith> Date stone> Apricot stone.5- The equilibrium relations were found to obey both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms, mathematical calculations were used to evaluate the different parameters of each model.6-The second stage,was carried out using a sand filtration system ,the operating condition was varied ,such as mass of the adsorbents ,flow rate and the concentration of initial solution of Iron and Manganese ions,the maximum uptake of iron salts reached 60%at flow rate 500ml/min and for initial concentration 10 ppm when Apricot stone used while for Manganese salts , the uptake percent reached 70% at flow rate I700ml/min for initial concentration 2.5ppm when Hard wood was used.The sorption of Iron and Manganese ions by the four adsorbents in sand natural materials filtration system was studied. Theresults obtained showed .that the adsorbent used removed the metal ions effectively.7- A case study was carried out using groundwater from a well in £1Qynaiat city ,the initial concentration of Fe3+ and Mn2+ are measured they (2.43ppm, 1.23ppm) respectively, on using the four adsorbents give good results for the removal of both of metals ions where 90% removal was achieved.8- The data obtained in this investigation revealed that the low cost adsorbents (Apricot stone, Hard wood, Date stone, Baggase pith)are favorable for the removal of Fe3+ and Mn2+ from the aqueous solution.Based on this study, the following recommendation are made for future research and it should be concentrated on:1- The effect of changing the particle size of the adsorbents materials with another natural materials .2- The effect of changing the type of heavy metals on the adsorption isotherm.3-Studying the ability of these natural materials for the removal of heavy metals from industrial wastewater.4- For the part of the dual media sand filtration column, the time factor and the effect of decreasing the mass of the adsorbent bed should be studied.5- This study can be applied in a fixed bed column and the kinetic study should be dicussed.6- The study of multicomponent system, mass transfer and design of equations should be discussed.
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