| Abstract: |
Three novel imidazolium-based gemini compounds had been synthesizedand characterized using FTIR, 1H NMR and mass spectroscopy. The surfaceproperties of the synthesized compounds were determined using surface tensionmeasurements at different temperatures (20, 35 and 50 0C). The surfaceparameters including maximum surface excess (Г max), minimum surface area(Amin) ,efficiency (Pc20 ), effectiveness (πCMC) and critical micelle concentration(CMC), were determined. Also the thermodynamic parameters, standard freeenergy (Go), entropy (So) and enthalpy (Ho) of both micellization andadsorption of the synthesized surfactants were calculated. The preparedcompounds were evaluated as corrosion inhibitors for carbon steel in 0.5 M HClsolution using both the weight loss method at different temperatures (20, 35 and50 oC) and polarization techniques. The thermodynamic parameters of inhibitorsadsorption on the metal surface were calculated including, the standard freeenergy (Goads), entropy (Soads) and enthalpy (Hoads) and also the kineticparameters activation energy (Ea), entropy and enthalpy of activation (S*,H*).The biological activities of these surfactants were also evaluated againstsulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) using dilution method and also against differentmicroorganisms including bacteria and fungi using inhibition zone diameter.The results showed that the prepared surfactants have good surface propertiesand also they are good corrosion inhibitors for low carbon steel. Theantimicrobial activity results showed that the investigated compounds haveThe third zone represents the markedly polluted areas that include the area from Abu Darag to 20 km south Hurghada which shows high enrichment in many trace elements. The sources of pollution in this zone are frequent, but tourist villages and resorts remOther areas that show serious degree of pollution (IP > 1) include; Wadi Gassus which record high Mo, Pb, Zn, Au, and 85km north Mersa Alam for high Cu, Mn, U and Th. However, the two species under consideration do not show one and the same response to poSeveral sources of trace elements polluted the studied area, both natural and anthropogenic. The natural sources include weathering of rocks and wadi deposits. Inputs from anthropogenic sources are numerous including mining, combustion of oil, industrial
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