Direct and indirect spectrophotometric methods for the determination of some selected drugs in pharmaceutical formulations

Narcotics are drugs derived from opium or opium like compounds, with potentanalgesic effects associated with significant alteration of mood and behavior and withthe potential for dependence and tolerance following repeated administration. Themain therapeutic use of narcotics is for pain relief and hence they are often callednarcotic analgesics. The term analgesic means ”without pain”. Even in therapeuticdoses, narcotic analgesics can cause respiratory depression, nausea and drowsiness.Long term administration produces tolerance, psychic, and physical dependencecalled addiction. The studied drugs in this thesis are tramadol hydrochloride,morphine sulfate, naltrexone hydrochloride and nalbuphine hydrochloride.